The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.